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Starting with the development of multiple prototypes since 2016, Niranjan Karagi and his brother Pradumn have developed the Nirnal Water Filter. Nirnal is a cartridge-based filter that uses Nano-composite technology to filter dust particles (up to 5 microns) and bacteria up to 99.9%. A basic version of the filter costs Rupees 30, can fit on any regular PET bottle and can filter up to 100 liters of contaminated water. It contains a sieve and bottom filter mesh that drains larger particulate matter from the water. The water then passes through a dual-layer innovative carbon form that contains activated nanocomposite carbon granules. This carbon filter is designed to remove specific substances under low pressure. When water passes through this porous filter, chlorine (taste and odor) is absorbed and broken down on the surface of the activated carbon. The filter then uses water pressure to force the water through a small carbon block and non-woven. While the nonwoven removes sediment, (10-5 microns), the block structure removes smaller contaminants. Water in contact with the carbon block allows for the adsorption and trapping of contaminants.